EDUCATION & LEARNING

EDUCATION & LEARNING

1.                  Giáo dục phổ thông: general schooling  VS. specific schooling

2.                  Điều kiện tiên quyết, điều kiện trước tiên: prerequisite (n)/ˌpriːˈrekwəzɪt / = precondition (n) /ˌpriːkənˈdɪʃn /

The first | essential, important, necessary, vital | prerequisite

3.                  Người xin việc: job-seeker

  ð Đòi hỏi những người xin việc đa tài: demand job-seekers with versatile skills

  ð Ngày nay, những người xin việc với nhiều kĩ năng linh hoạt thường được săn đón: job-seekers with versatile skills are ofte demand in this day and age.

  ð Ngày nay, bằng cấp là điều kiện tiên quyết cần có cho những người xin việc: A degree is a first essential prerequisite for job-seekers in this day and age.

4.                  Phương pháp; cách tiếp cận: approach to (n) /əˈproʊtʃ /

5.                  Chấp nhận (một cách chính thức), thực hiện, theo:  adopt (v) BrE /əˈdɒpt/ NAmE /əˈdɑːpt /

6.                  Môn học, ngành học; kỉ luật: discipline (n)  / ˈdɪsəplɪn /

  ð Trường học nên áp dụng các phương pháp tiếp cận khác nhau cho từng môn học: Schools should adopt diverse/different/various approaches to each discipline.

ð Nhà trường cần áp dụng hình thức kỉ luật cứng rắng hơn: Schools need to adopt a firmer approach to discipline

  ð Ở trường, sự phát triển của sinh viên thì được bố trí theo từng giai đoạn, từng bước bởi thầy cô giáo có nhiều kinh nghiệm và sự tiếp thu kiến thức của sinh viên cũng được hướng dẫn và giúp đỡ theo một cách tiếp cận có thệ hống hơn: At school, students’ growth is orchestrated stage by stage, step-by-step by seasoned  teachers, and their acquisition of knowledge is also instructed and backed up in a systematic approach.

7.                  Đại trà: one-size-fits-all ≠ tailor-made

ð    Phương pháp học đại trà: a one-size-fits-all approach to learning

ð    Khoá học được thiết kế riêng: a tailor-made course of study

8.                  Chương trình học: curriculum (n) / kəˈrɪkjələm /

ð    Có trong chương trình học: be in/on the curriculum

9.                  Mang tính lý thuyết: theoretical /ˌθiːəˈretɪkl / (adj) ≠ thực tiễn: hands-on=practical

ð    Phương pháp mang tính lý thuyết: a theoretical approach

ð    Kinh nghiệm và kĩ năng thực tiễn: hands-on expreience and skills

10.              Không có nhiều liên quan: bear little relevance to

  ð Các sự kiện lịch sử thì thường không có liên quan nhiều tới các vấn đề nóng bỏng hiện tại bị gây ra trong thế giới hiện đại ngày nay: historical events are usually deemed obsolete and thus bearing little relevance to many “hot-potato”  issues induced by this brave new world.

11.              Trở nên cứu cánh: come to the rescue

  ð Chẳng hạn, vài phép tính đơn giản lại trở nên hữu ích những lúc tính tiền hoá đơn:  simple mathematical calculations, for instance, would come to the rescue in case of totaling (totalling) the bill.

12.              Kiến thức cơ bản: fundamental knowledge

  ð Thiếu hiểu biết những kiến thức cơ bản: ignorance of fundamental knowledge

13.              Thuật ngữ hoá học: chemical terms

14.              Tiệm thuốc tây: pharmaceutical store = drugstore

  ð Những kiến thức cơ bản về hoá sẽ là một trợ thủ đắc lực cho những ai có nhu cầu làm việc liên quan đến đơn thuốc ở các tiệm thuốc:  fundamental knowledge of chemical terms would be of tremendous assistance for those opting for jobs related to prescriptions in a pharmaceutical store.

15.              Vận hành sai chức năng: malfunction (v) (n)

16.              Các thiết bị điện: electrical appliances

17.              Gây ra: trigger (v)

18.              Hậu quả đáng lo ngại: unsettling consequences

  ð Sự vận hành sai chức năng các thiết bị điện do sự thiếu hiểu biết các kiến thức cơ bản về điện có thể gây ra hậu quả đáng lo ngại: malfunctioning electrical appliances due to ignorance of fundamental knowledge could trigger unsettling consequences

19.              Trong phạm vi của; trong lĩnh vực của: in sphere of/ in field of

  ð Trong lĩnh vực chính trị/ kinh tế/ giáo dục: in sphere of politics/ economy/ education

20.  Định hướng suy nghĩ: shape mind

  ð Giáo dục đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc định hướng ý tưởng và mở rộng tầm hiểu biết: schooling plays a pivotal role in shaping mind and broadening students’ horizons

21.  Làm tròn bổn phận/ trách nhiệm/ nghĩa vụ: discharge one’s duties/ responsibilities/ obligations

22.  Chịu trách nhiệm: assume responsibility for ( assume = take)

23.  Không tiếc công sức để làm gì: spare no efforts to do st

ð Cố gắng để thành thục một ngoại ngữ: spare no efforts to master a foreign language.

24.  Tấm gương đầy cảm hứng: inspirational example

25.  Có những hành động cụ thể: take concrete actions to do st

26.  Áp dụng các biện pháp hiệu quả để: take effective measures to do st

27.  Tiến hành các bước: take steps to do st

ð Chính phủ nên tiến hành các bước để kiểm soát giá nhà: the government should take steps to curb the housing price.

28.  Toàn cầu: around the globe

ð Từ khắp nơi trên thế giới: from every corner  of the globe

29.              Các sự kiện trọng đại: epoch-making/ momentous events

30.              Xã giao: social mingling

31.              Nghi thức xã giao/ qui tắc xã giao trong xã  hội: social etiquette

ð Văn hoá mạng: (informal): netiquette

32.              Giai đoạn giáo dục sớm: early stage/ phase of schooling

33.              Phát triển phẩm chất tiềm năng tới mức tối đa: sharpen/ boost/ develop the potential credentials to the fullest

34.              Chương trình đào tạo tại chỗ/ dắt tay chỉ việc: on-the-job-training programme/program

ð Chương trình đào tạo tại chỗ là một phương pháp tiếp cận mới giúp cho sinh viên đạt được kinh nghiệm thực tiễn.: on-the-job training is a novel approach that aids  students to procure/ attain/acquire hands-on experience thus enhancing their chance to procure the job after graduating

35.       Đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc: play(s) a key/vital/crucial/ influential/ leading/ pivotal/ cardinal role in...= to have/ has a vital role to play in ....= be of vital/crucial importance in = play(s) an integral part of

ð Cha mẹ đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc chuẩn bị việc đến trường cho con cái họ: parents have a crucial role to play in preparing their child for school= parents play a vital role in preparing their children for school= parents are of crucial importance in....

ð Đóng vai trò quan trọng như nhau: play(s) equally crucial roles in/ share equally crucial roles in children’s various chapters of their life.

ð Cả giáo dục phổ thông và giáo dục chuyên môn đều đóng vai trò quan trọng như nhau trong các giai đoạn phát triển của trẻ: both general and specific schooling play equally crucial roles in/ share equally crucial roles in children

36.  Thực hiện/ hoàn thành chức năng quan trọng của:  discharge/ fulfil(l)  the crucial function(s) of

ð Vai trò quan trọng của giáo dục là thực hiện tốt chức năng trong việc trang bị cho học sinh những kiến thức cần thiết cho công việc sau này: the major/main/ key role of schooling is to fulfil the crucial function of equipping students with their later careers

37.  Giáo dục đại học: tertiary(adj) / ˈtɜːrʃieri / / ˈtɜːrʃəri / education = higher education

38.  Con đường sự nghiệp tươi sáng/ đầy hứa hẹn: brilliant/ promising career/ path

 / ˈbrɪliənt /  BrE / kəˈrɪə(r) / NAmE /kəˈrɪr /

ð Giáo dục đại học thì rất quan trọng để mở ra một con đường sự nghiệp tươi sáng: Tertiary is extremely vital for peoplr to open a brilliant career path.

39.  Bằng cấp học thuật: academic qualifications  / ˌækəˈdemɪk / BrE /ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn / NAmE / ˌkwɑːlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn /

ð Bằng cấp học thuật xuất sắc: outstanding academic credentials/ qualifications

ð Bảng điểm: Academic transcript

40.  Bằng nghề: vocationalqualification/ voʊˈkeɪʃənl /  

ð Trường nghề: Vocational school

ð Đạt được, giành được, có được bằng cấp:  To  acquire/gain/ attain /get/obtain/have/hold credentials/ qualifications /əˈkwaɪər// ɡeɪn / / əbˈteɪn /

41.  Nổ lực nhiều/ quyết tâm nổ lực: exert oneself = make determined efforts to + Vo

42.  Vì lợi ích của ai/ cái gì đó: for S.O/S.Th’s own sake= for the sake of S.O/s.th

43.  Một số người cho rằng: Some (people) hold the view that

44.  Học phí: tuition BrE / tjuˈɪʃn / NAmE / tuˈɪʃn /  fees

ð Một số người cho rằng sinh viên đại học nên chi trả toàn bộ chi phí học tập bởi vì họ nỗ lực để đạt được bằng cấp vì lợi ích của bản thân họ hơn là lợi ích cộng đồng: Some (people) hold the view that university students should pay their entire tuition fees since they make determined efforts to acquire academic qualifications merely for their own sake not for the community’s benefits

45.   Chức năng của giáo dục: function of schooling/ education

46.  Toàn diện: all-round=all-around (AE)

ð Nền giáo dục toàn diện: all-round schooling/education

ð Sự phát triển toàn diện: all-round growth/development

ð Kiến thức và kĩ năng toàn diện: an all-round pool of knowledge and skills

47.  Chính sách giáo dục nhồi nhét: pressure-cooker schooling policy

48.  Học vẹt: learn by rote/roʊt /= rote learning

49.   Bám sát thực tế: in touch with reality

50.   Không thành công nhiều/ chẳng thành công bao nhiêu: to little/no avail =of little/no avail

ð Tận dụng: avail s.t

ð Tận dụng năng lực thật để thăng tiến: avail real caliber to get promotion

51.  Bạn cùng trang lứa: peers

ð Áp lực bạn bè: peer pressure

ð Áp lực cùng trang lứa có thể là một động lực tốt để thức đẩy cũng như  thách thức học sinh để có thể nỗ lực hơn nữa: peer pressure can be a positive force which can foster and challenge the students to exert greater efforts

52.  Thước đo để phân loại học sinh trong giáo dục: ( mang nghỉa tiêu cực khi có chử label): merely a yardstick to label students as talented or not in schooling

53.  Một số thích học một mình với tốc độ riêng của họ:  Some prefer to perform academically alone at their own pace

54.  Tự lập: self-supporting (adj)

55.   Làm xa lánh: alienate (v)

ð Học sinh nghèo thường cảm thấy bị xa lánh so với bạn khá giả cùng trang lứa: students on low- income  families frequently feel alienated from their  well-being peers in class.

56.  Kiếm sống: earn a living

57.   Nuôi gia đình: raise a/their family

ð Trở thành trụ cột chính trong gia đình: become the leading breadwinner

58.  Nhà máy sản xuất bằng cấp: degree factory

59.  Khoá học lấy người học làm trọng tâm: learner-oriented/orientated course

60.  Sự kết hợp giữa giáo dục và giải trí: The blend of schooling and entertainment

61.  Học tập: perform academically

62.   Truyền đạt kiến thức: Impart knowledge to

ð Mỗi giáo viên đều có phương pháp/ kĩ thuật riêng để truyền đạt kiến thức cho học sinh: Every teacher has their own technique/ approach to impart knowledge / ˈnɑːlɪdʒ / / ˈnɒlɪdʒ / to their students

63.  Tiếp thu kiến thức và những kĩ năng cần thiết: obtain/acquire knowledge and essential skills = acquisition of knowledge and essential skills

ð Lĩnh hội ngôn ngữ: language acquisition

64.  Củng cố: reinforce (v)

ð Củng cố kiến thức đã được truyền đạt: reinforce knowledge imparted

65.   Cải thiện: sharpen (v)

ð Cải thiện các kĩ năng mềm: sharpen interpersonal skills

66.  Hoạt động/ làm việc vì lợi ích của sinh viên: operate/work for the sake of students/ for the students’ sake

67.  Trình độ chuyên môn, nghiệp vụ cao: a high level/ degree  of professionalism  / dɪˈɡriː // prəˈfeʃənəlɪzəm /

68.  Có năng lực: caliber for  = aptitude for = credentials for

69. Trở thành những nhân viên có trình độ chuyên môn tay nghề cao: become highly-skilled and qualified employees

70. Sự canh tranh khốc liệt trong thị trường lao động: the cut-throat competition in the job market/ labour market

71.  Nhân tố quyết  định: determining/ determinant factor

ð Nhân tố cản trở: deterring factor

72.  Những người có năng lực cao/ thấp: high/low caliber people

73.  Chuẩn tuyển sinh đầu vào cao/thấp: high/low admission standards

74.  Tư vấn hướng nghiệp: vocational counsel/ guidance/ mentoring

75.  Trường đại học danh tiếng: prestige ( prestigious) university = flagship university

76.   Sự bảo lưu kết quả: record retention

77.   Tiến hành cải cách giáo dục: carry out/ conduct/ make reforms in schooling

78.  Bình đẳng về cơ hội tiếp cận giáo dục: equal access to schooling opportunities

79.   Được hưởng đầy đủ cơ hội: have access to the full complement of opportunities

80.  Triển vọng công việc, nghề nghiệp: Job /employment /career prospects /ˈprɑːspekt /

81.  Giáo viên giỏi: /sɔːt /sought-after teacher

ð Sinh viên xuất sắc: outstanding students

82.   Tư duy sáng tạo: blue-sky mindset

83.  Những học sinh có hoàn cảnh nghèo khó: students from families on low incomes = students on low-income families = students with tight budget / ˈbʌdʒɪt /= indigent students/ ˈɪndɪdʒənt /

84.  Hứng chịu vật giá leo thang của nhà ở, đi lại, tài liệu học tập, bữa ăn,v.v : bear the escalating cost of accommodation, travel, educational materials, meals and so forth.

85.  Đóng góp lớn lao cho sự phát triển của xã hội: make significant/determined contributions to social progress / ˌkɑːntrɪˈbjuːʃn /

86.  Đạt được giá trị cuộc sống: procure/ acquire/ attain/ obtain/ achieve life value

87.  Gánh nặng học hành: bear heavy strain/ burden of study

88.   Thiếu ngủ lẫn thiếu vận động: lack (v) / læk / sleep and physical exercise=> (n) lack of/ dearth of / dɜːrθ /

89.  Tư duy phê phán: critical thinking

90.  Tư duy độc lập: independent thinking

ð Khuyến khích sinh viên tư duy phê phán và độc lập: stimulate / ˈstɪmjuleɪt // foster / ˈfɔːstər / / ˈfɑːstər / students to think critically and independently

91.  Thúc đẩy sự phát triển về thể chất, trí tuệ và cảm xúc của sinh viên: foster students’ physical, intellectual/ ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəl /  and emotional development

92.   Sàn lọc những ứng cử viên có tâm lí và tình trạng cảm xúc không ổn định: screening the psychologically and emotionally unstable/ unfit candidates

93.  Giá trị tốt đẹp về đạo đức: the morally/ ˈmɑːrəl /  sound values

94.  Quan điểm về thế giới và cuộc sống: outlook on the world and life

ð Giáo dục giúp lớp trẻ nuôi dưỡng những giá trị tốt đẹp về đạo đức, quan điểm về thế giới và cuộc sống: Education aids in / assists in positively (V_ing ) nurse/cherish/habour in the young  the morally sound values and outlook on the world and life.

95.  Trường học là một xã hội thu nhỏ: school is a society   in miniature  / səˈsaɪəti // ˈmɪnətʃʊr / / ˈmɪnətʃər /

96.   Bãi bỏ ( một cách chính thức): abolish/ əˈbɑːlɪʃ /

97.  Trợ cấp: subsidy to/ ˈsʌbsədi /

98.   Trở ngại: hamper  / ˈhæmpər / (V) = hinder (v) / ˈhɪndər /

99.  Niềm khát khao, tham vọng, ước muốn: ambition/ desire

ð Ấp ủ khát khao, tham vọng: cherish/harbour/nurse ambition/desire to do st/of doing st

ð Nếu chính phủ bãi bỏ trợ cấp cho học sinh nghèo, hoài bão đi học đại học của họ có lẽ sẽ bị cản trở vì thiếu tiền: If the government abolish subsidies to the indigent students/ students with tight budget, their ambition of attending university might be hampered/ hindered by a lack of money

Phân biệt “certificate, certification, degree, diploma, qualification”

1. Certificate: an official document proving that you have completed a course of study (usually below 1 year), or an exam: giấy chứng nhận
Ex:  a B- level certificate (hay được dịch là bằng B tiếng Anh, thực ra là giấy chứng nhận bạn đã vượt qua kỳ thi bằng B tiếng Anh)

- Ngoài dùng cho giấy chứng nhận trong thi cử, “certificate” còn được dùng trong các loại giấy tờ khác như là:

+ a birth certificate (giấy khai sinh)
+ a marriage certificate (giấy chứng nhận kết hôn)
+ a death certificate (giấy chứng tử)

2. Certification: the process of giving certificates for a course of education: quá trình cấp giấy chứng nhận, sự chứng thực
3. Degree:  the qualification obtained by students who completed a college or university course: bằng đại học và các loại bằng sau đại học
+ college degree or bachelor's degree: bằng đại học
+ master's degree: bằng Thạc sĩ
+ doctoral degree: bằng Tiến sĩ.
+ My brother has a Master’s degree from Havard.
+ She has a degree in Biochemistry from Queen’s University.

4. Diploma:  a document showing that you have completed a course of study (usually 1-3 years) or part of your education : chứng chỉ, bằng cấp
+ a High school diploma: bằng cấp 3 (bằng tú tài),
+ a graduate diploma: bằng sau đại học Dip (bằng này chỉ mất khoảng 9 tháng đến 1 năm để hoàn tất, đây là 1 nét riêng trong giáo dục của Úc, chưa đạt tới học vị Thạc sĩ).

5. Qualification : An exam that you have passed or a course of study that you have successfully completed: trình độ chuyên môn
+ a nursing qualification (chuyên môn điều dưỡng)
+ He left school with no formal qualifications.

Read More

1. Describe a famous person you know from news

A public figure I wanna talk about is a member of a music band called Maroon5,
Adam Levine. He’s the lead vocalist and also in charge of playing the guitar and
composing songs for the band. He was born and grew up in America. It has been
over 20 years since the day he embarked on his career. And there’s no room for
doubt that he’s one of the most popular singers all over the world.

Let me tell you more about the occasion when I happened to catch a glimpse of
him on TV. It was the time when he and his coworkers were promoting a TV
program called The Voice on NBC channel as the coaches. Although the news was
really short, I totally fell in love with his looks as well as his sense of humor. You
know what, in my opinion he is the symbol of an attractive man. After that, I
Googled everything about this guy, watched every single performance of the
band as well as TV shows in which he appeared. And I came to realize he is not
only a good-looking guy but also an absolutely amazing artist. I am really keen
on the way he fully gives his heart and soul into each song, each performance.

He used to come up against a hard time in the first days of his career, but he
didn’t give up but chased after his passion till the end. Therefore I personally
think that he well deserves the popularity he has today.

As I mentioned above, I am crazy about this singer. You know, whenever I feel
down in the dumps, I put his records on, and those songs help me out a lot. It is
the best way for me to relieve pressure and recharge my batteries after a tough
day.

I really crave for a chance to meet him once in real life, not just through the
computer screen.

What kinds of people can you see on TV?
Well, you know there’s quite a mixed variety of public figures that we can catch
sight of on the mass media like the television. I think the most common one is
comedians since as a rule we tend to turn on the TV for some entertaining
programmes after an exhausting day at work. In addition, MCs are also
extremely popular these days since people are more into reality and TV shows
than ever before

Why do people like to watch bad news?
Well, I’d have to say that people opt for negative and unpleasant news simply
because these snippets can turn out to be a funny source of gossip that anyone
can bring up at a discussion. For example, a recent scandal of Miss Universe
grabbed the headlines and an awareness of these pieces of information helps us
not feel lost for words when we engage in a casual talk with our intimates.

Is the way of reporting news nowadays different from the past?
First I have to admit that there is a number of differences in the way news is
reported between the present and the past. To be more specific, some decades or
centuries ago, news was written in paper transmitted by pigeons or letters and
other crude tools, and the media at that time remained unknown. On the contrary,
the appearance of the multimedia today has led to the ubiquity of news with a
greater variety than before. It is not a big deal to see different news stories
conveyed on TV, radios, the Internet and other social networking websites.

Do you think there is too much news about celebrity?
To be honest, I have to admit that there is excessive coverage of news
surrounding celebrities’ private lives. The reason for this is because many
unethical TV channels and tabloids only aim at hooking viewers and
maximizing their profits through promoting sensational and scandalous
articles. The audience is also to blame for this issue. For example, Vietnamese
people have a tendency to idolize Korean pop stars; and as a consequence of this,
more news stories naturally come out to meet the needs of the young generation.

Is the information on TV always true?
Not really, I think. It is undoubted that some programs on TV reflect the truth,
especially stories about the normal lives of needy people. However, most of the
contents shown on the box are strictly censored before they are released for
public watching. And I guess the reason behind this is that the authorities want to
avoid causing friction and disagreement to the audience in terms of politics and
culture.

What kinds of news are popular in Vietnam?
Off the top of my head, Vietnamese people show a preference for a wide variety
of news like international affairs or fashion trends. However, I’d have to say
that articles surrounding the private lives of celebrities are the most prevalent
simply because people in Vietnam are inquisitive and extremely into negatively
unpleasant news. For example, since a recent scandal of Miss Universe grabbed
the headlines, some social networking websites have been packed with
newsfeeds from young fans

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Power English Now\ 01 Intro Text

Intro Mini-Story Text
Hi this is AJ Hoge. Welcome to the mini‑story for “Introduction to Power English”. Let’s
get started. In the mini‑story I will tell a kind of strange, funny, stupid story. Usually
actually I will ask the story. It means I will ask a lot of questions. The reason I ask
these questions is to get a lot of repetition so that the grammar structure, the grammar
pattern will go into your brain deeply because you’re getting it again and again and
again.
You don’t need to think about it. Just relax, listen to the story, answer the questions
quickly. If you need to you can pause your iPod, pause your computer and answer the
questions. Or if it’s too fast, just listen. You don’t have to speak. Speaking is optional.
If you can do it, if you want to answer the questions, great! Shout them out. If you
don’t, if it’s too difficult or you’re in a train with other people, that’s fine. Just listen and
relax, that’s okay too. Okay, let’s start.
* * * * *
There was a beautiful woman named Sophie. Sophie had to play Tiger Woods in
golf in just one month.
Who had to play Tiger Woods in golf in just one month?
Well, Sophie. Sophie had to play Tiger Woods in golf in just one month.
What kind of woman was Sophie?
Sophie was a beautiful woman.
Who did she have to play?
Tiger Woods, she had to play Tiger Woods.
Who had to play Tiger Woods?
Sophie, Sophie had to play Tiger Woods.
In tennis, right?
No, no, no, not in tennis. In golf, Sophie had to play Tiger Woods in golf.
When did Sophie have to play Tiger Woods in golf?
In one month, Sophie had to play Tiger Woods in golf in just one month.
Was Sophie worried or was Sophie happy?
Sophie was worried.
Why was she worried?
Because Tiger Woods is the number one golfer in the world and Sophie was not
good.
Was Sophie a good golfer?
No, no, no, no, no. Sophie was a terrible golfer in fact.
Was Tiger Woods a good golfer?
Oh yes, of course. Tiger Woods was a great golfer. And he still is a great golfer.
So Sophie went to Japan.
Where did she go?
Japan, Sophie went to Japan.
Who went to Japan?
That’s right, Sophie. Sophie went to Japan.
Why did she go to Japan?
To find a golf coach, of course.
She went to Japan to find a golf coach.
Where did she go to find a golf coach?
To Japan, she went to Japan to find a golf coach.
To find what?
A golf coach, she went to Japan to find a golf coach.
She found a coach named Yoda.
What was the coach’s name?
Yoda, the coach’s name was Yoda.
Was the coach’s name Bob?
No, the coach’s name was not Bob. The coach’s name was Yoda.
Whose name was Yoda?
Well, the coach’s name was Yoda.
What was Yoda?
Yoda was a golf coach.
He said “I can help you learn golf Sophie.” He said “If you use your
subconscious, you will become a golf master.”
What did Yoda say?
He said “If you use your subconscious, you will become a golf master.”
What did Sophie need to use?
Her subconscious, Yoda said “If you use your subconscious, you will become a golf
master.”
So if she used her subconscious, what would she become?
A golf master, he said “If you use your subconscious, you will become a golf master.”
Would she become a tennis master or would she become a golf master if she used her
subconscious?
Well, if she used her subconscious, of course she would become a golf master.
What did she have to use?
Her subconscious, she had to use her subconscious to become a golf master.
Who said this to Sophie?
Yoda, Yoda said this to Sophie.
What did he say?
He said “If you use your subconscious, you will become a golf master.”
So Sophie tried to use her subconscious. She closed her eyes every time she
played golf. Yoda said “Use your subconscious, close your eyes.” Unfortunately,
it didn’t work.
Did Sophie become a golf master?
No, she didn’t. She did not.
Every time she hit the ball it went into the trees.
Did Sophie try to use her subconscious?
Yeah, she did. She tried to use her subconscious. She closed her eyes and tried to
use her subconscious.
When she tried to use her subconscious, was she successful?
No, she wasn’t. She was not successful when she tried to use her subconscious.
Every time she hit the ball it went into the woods, into the trees. Poor Sophie.
So Sophie went to Hawaii.
Who went to Hawaii? Yoda?
Not Yoda, Sophie. Sophie went to Hawaii.
Why did she go to Hawaii.
To find another golf coach.
Why did she go?
To find another golf coach.
Did Tiger Woods go to Hawaii?
No, no, no. Tiger Woods didn’t go to Hawaii.
Where did Tiger Woods go?
South Carolina.
Tiger Woods went to South Carolina.
Where did Sophie go?
She went to Hawaii.
Why did Tiger Woods go to South Carolina?
Well, to find a coach.
He also wanted a golf coach. He found an Army golf coach. The Army golf coach
said “You must run 30 miles every day.”
Did Tiger Woods close his eyes when he played golf?
No, no, no. He didn’t try to use his subconscious. Tiger Woods ran 30 miles every day.
He did not try to use his subconscious. Sophie had tried to use her subconscious.
Tiger Woods did not.
So Sophie went to Hawaii and she found a surfing golf coach named Farley.
What kind of golf coach did she find?
A surfing golf coach.
Who found a surfing golf coach?
Sophie, Sophie found a surfing golf coach.
He said “If you practice and surf every day, you will always succeed.”
What did she have to do?
She had to practice golf while surfing.
Did she have to practice golf and surfing at the same time or at different times?
Well, at the same time. She had to practice golf while surfing, at the same time as
surfing.
So she got on the surfboard. She was surfing and she was trying to play golf at
the same time.
Who was trying to practice golf while surfing? Tiger Woods?
No, not Tiger Woods, Sophie. Sophie was trying to surf while playing golf. She was
trying to play golf while surfing.
Was she successful?
No, unfortunately not.
She got very wet but she did not improve.
Was Sophie successful practicing golf and surfing?
No, she wasn’t.
She fell into the water every time. Every time she got wet. She was still a terrible
golfer.
Was Tiger Woods still a terrible golfer?
No, of course not, Tiger Woods was still a great golfer, the best golfer.
So who was still a terrible golfer?
Sophie, Sophie was still a terrible golfer.
She had tried to use her subconscious and she failed. She had tried to surf and
play golf and she had failed. Now she was very worried. Only one more week to
play Tiger Woods. She went to San Diego.
Why did she go to San Diego?
Well, of course, she went to San Diego to find another golf coach.
Why did she go?
To find another golf coach.
She went to Tony Robbins.
Who was Tony Robbins?
Tony Robbins was a peak performance coach.
Was he a peak performance coach? Or did he teach people to do things badly?
Well, of course, he was a peak performance coach. He taught people to do things very
well.
Who was a peak performance coach?
Tony Robbins, Tony Robbins was a peak performance coach.
Was Sophie a peak performance coach?
No, she wasn’t. Sophie was a terrible golfer. Tony Robbins was a peak performance
coach.
Sophie said “Help me, Tony. Help me.” Tony said “If you engage your
physiology, you will be a master.”
What did he say?
He said “If you engage your physiology, you will be a master.”
Did Tony want her to use her mind, her brain?
No, no, no. He said “If you engage your physiology, you will be a master.” Your body.
Did he want her to use her body very well or did he want her to use her mind, her brain
very well?
He wanted her to use her body, her physiology. He said “If you engage your
physiology,” if you use your body, “you will be a master.”
Who wanted Sophie to engage her physiology?
Tony Robbins, Tony Robbins wanted Sophie to engage her physiology. Tony Robbins
wanted Sophie to use her body correctly in a peak performance way.
Tony taught her to get into a peak state.
Did he teach her to feel bad?
No, no, no. He taught her the opposite. He taught her to get into a peak emotional
state. He taught her to feel really great.
Was she in a peak emotional state or a bad emotional state?
She was in a peak emotional state, a top emotional state. She felt top, great, wonderful,
best.
Who was in a peak emotional state?
Sophie, Sophie was in a peak emotional state.
Then Tony said “Now practice golf.”
Did Sophie practice golf while she was in a peak emotional state?
Yes, exactly. Sophie practiced golf while she was in a peak emotional state.
Did she practice golf at the same time that she was in a peak emotional state?
Yes, at the same time. She practiced golf while she was in a peak emotional state.
She improved very quickly. Finally, the day came. Sophie played Tiger Woods.
Tiger was very tired. He looked very tired. But Sophie was in a peak emotional
state during the whole game. Finally, at the end of the game Sophie won. She
beat Tiger Woods! Tiger cried “Sophie, you’re the best now.” He wrote a check
to Sophie for $85 million.
How much money did Tiger give Sophie?
$85 million, he wrote a check for $85 million. He gave Sophie $85 million.
How much did Sophie earn?
She earned $85 million.
Did Tiger Woods earn $85 million or lose $85 million?
Tiger lost $85 million.
Was Tiger happy?
No, he wasn’t.
Tiger cried and cried. He was very sad.
Was Tiger in a peak emotional state?
No, Tiger was in a terrible emotional state. He was sad. He was depressed. He was in
a very bad emotional state.
How about Sophie? Was Sophie in a great, top, peak emotional state?
Oh yeah, she was in a top, great, fantastic, peak emotional state. She was happy, she
was excited and now she was rich.
* * * * *
Okay, that is the end of the mini‑story for the “Introduction to Power English.” Again,
listen to this mini‑story once or twice every day for seven days or more. The questions,
the repetition will help you effortlessly learn the vocabulary and you’ll be learning
grammar, too. It’s kind of a secret grammar method. Don’t think about the grammar,
please do not think about it. Just relax, listen to the questions, answer the questions.
And every day you will start to learn these basic patterns of English, again and again
and again, more deeply each day. So again, listen to this lesson every day for seven
days or more. If you get bored, move your body, jump up and down, feel better and
then start again.

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WRITING TASK 2/ ESSAY 10

Traditional food is undergoing great changes and being replaced by new diets. What do you think are the reasons and what do you think about this phenomenon?

People in different countries have quite different traditional food. Even for people in the same region, the food they enjoy today isfar from the same as those consumed by their grandparents. The trend is accelerating.

Scientific and technological development is the driving force behind this change. Our ancestors used to produce and preserve food without the benefit o f modem technology, which often results in some ingenious ways o f handling food. But with the demise o f those special skills and the advance of food technology, food is produced quite differently nowadays. For example, whereas we now put a premium on fresh vegetables, people in the past often ate pickles because it was otherwise impossible to preserve vegetables for a long time.

The change in lifestyle also contributes to the change in traditional food. The fast-pacing modem life allows employees little time to cook meals. Thus, many choose fast foods for breakfast and lunch and eat a full meal for supper. As a result, those time-consuming traditional food is replaced by ready made, easy-to-cook convenient foods.

Lastly, the traditional food is also challenged by imported diets from other countries. Global economic integration has allowed restaurants to be opened in foreign countries. Restaurants catering to different nationalities provide city residents with a wide range of choices. Under the influence of exotic diet, traditional foods invariably experiences some changes and makes certain adjustments so as to have a broader appeal.

While it is a pity to lose some traditional foods to foreign imports, it is too sentimental if we hang on blindly to traditional food just for the sake o f keeping the tradition. Change often means improvement. It is hardly wise to always eat the same food regardless o f the changing lifestyle and technology.

consume V. integration N.

accelerate V. resident N...... Adj.........

preserve V. influence N/Vt

ingenious Adj. exotic Adj.

demise V.......vt....... adjustment N.

premium N. appeal N.

pickle N........vt........ sentimental Adj.

lastly Adv. blindly Adv.

It is too sentimental if we stick to traditional foods in a unwise way for the sake of keeping the tradition.

It is too sentimental if we hang on blindly to traditional foods just for the sake of keeping the tradition.

: cling blindly to sth., grasp sth. tightly, hang on blindly to sth.

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Listening\ 1\ TEST 1

Good afternoon. I want this afternoon as an introduction to our ecology module to offer examples of exotic pests - non- native animals or plants which are, or may be, causing problems - which might prove a fruitful topic for seminar papers later in the term. People and products are criss-crossing the world as never before, and on these new global highways, plants and animals are travelling too.

Exotic plants and animals are turning up in Antarctica and on the most remote islands on Earth. For example, the Australian red- backed spider - it's made its way to countries fairly near home, such as New Zealand and Japan, as some of you may know - well, it's also been found on Tristan da Cunha, (31) which is a remote island thousands of miles from anywhere, way out in the middle of the Atlantic.

Now, another famous animal invader in the other direction, so to speak, from England to Australia in the southern hemisphere, is the rabbit. This was in 1830 and it might seem less of a threat, but it became an extraordinarily destructive pest. The fact that rabbits increased so rapidly is perhaps more understandable when we remind ourselves that they had originally been introduced to England from continental Europe eight centuries earlier. (32) This was because they were regarded as a luxury food source, and in spite of having warm fur, they probably originated on the hot dry plains of Spain, which of course explains why they thrive in the climate of Australia.

A much less cuddly example of a pest introduced to Australia, this time from America, is fire ants. These are increasing and spreading very fast. (33) Their huge nests can now be found in gardens in the city of Brisbane and they are costing the Australian government a great deal of money in control measures. These were an accidental introduction, rather than a deliberate one, brought to Australia, probably in horticultural imports or in mud on second-hand machinery.

As a biologist and conservationist, I have become increasingly concerned about these matters. Exotic invasions are irreversible and deserve to be taken more seriously even when they aren't particularly damaging. For example, something that is not necessarily a major disaster compared to other ecological experiments: (34) in 1975 an Australian species of earthworm was deliberately introduced to the northern hemisphere, in Scotland, because they were bigger than the natives. (35) The aim was that they would be more effective than native species, but in fact they don't do more for the soil condition than the smaller locals which they displace. Although they don't do a lot of harm, as far as we know up to now, this will probably prove to have been a mistake.

A much more serious case, also in Scotland, as well as other countries, along with the latest victim, Iceland, is the New Zealand flatworm. This is a most unwelcome newcomer in these regions of (36) north-west Europe. Basically, this flatworm came into these countries by accident. It's now been realised that it was actually (37) carried in the plant pots containing exotic ornamental shrubs and so on, and as it eats local earthworms, and doesn't benefit the local ecology in any way, it is a real pest.

Next, there's a further instance, this time in the water and it's come from Japan. It's (38) a delicious but very fast-spreading seaweed and is one of many exotic species, large and small, in the seas covering the rocks around Australia. Unfortunately, it is replacing indigenous seaweeds and permanently altering the ecosystem. However, to look at the situation from a business point of view - it is now being harvested and exported, dried, back to Japan, its original home, where it's particularly popular. So sometimes we may find accidental benefits from apparently harmful arrivals.

Well, you could say that world ecology is now going the same way as popular culture. Global music and fashions, food and drinks are taking over from local ones in every land. And in ecosystems, we find vigorous exotic invaders overwhelming native species and natural habitats.

But can we find any examples of invaders which appear to be a problem and then find that in fact they may not be such a big issue after all? We might take as an example a native of Australia, the budgerigar, the most common pet parrot in the world, of course. Because there have been many escapes over the years, it is now to be found flying about in feral flocks where the climate suits it. So, these flocks of budgerigars have been getting very numerous (39) in the south-east of the United States, particularly in residential areas. People have been getting quite worried about this, but it has been observed that the size of the flocks has diminished somewhat recently. The fact that they are smaller is thought to be (40) due to the fact that new competitors for their habitat have arrived from other places.

That's the last example for now. What I'd like you to consider is this: Is the planet Earth moving towards a one-world ecosystem? How far would it be a wholly bad development?

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Speaking Part 1: Topic Science

1. Do you like science?
To be honest, when I was a little girl, I had a deep passion for science and HARBOURED A DREAM To become a female scientist in the future but when I grow up, I COME TO THE REALIZATION that I AM NOT A GREAT ONE FOR science. That’s the reason why, my love for science fades.
- Harbour a dream: ấp ủ ước mơ
- Come to the realization that= realize that
- To be not a great one for N: không phù hợp với………

2. What do you want to learn about science?
I am not pretty sure about this. However, if I have a chance, I really want to DIG DEEPER INTO the process of chemical tests. I don’t know why but seeing scientists carrying out experiments really RAISES MY CURIOSITY about science and hope one day I can GIVE BIRTH TO wonderful findings.
- Dig deper into= learn about
- Raise sb’s curiosity about…..: kích thích tò mò
- Give birht to= to create
-
3. Do you often watch TV program about science?
Personally, I watch TV shows about science just ONCE IN A BLUE MOON. You know, I am always UP TO MY EARS IN WORK. If one day I can FREE MYSELF FROM WORK, I will TAKE TIME to watch it
- Once in a blue moon= rarely
- To be up to sb’s ears in st= to be busy with st
- To free myself from work: giải phóng mình khỏi công việc
- Take time to V: dành tgian làm gì đó

4. Are science museums popular in your country?
Well, TO THE BEST OF MY KNOWLEDGE, there is no science museum in my country. I suppose the reason is that vietnamses governments do not have enough NATIONAL BUDGETS to bulid that kind of museum in Viet Nam. In addition, Vietnamese people do not have much interest in this museum
- To the best of my knowledge: theo những gì tôi biết
- National budgets: ngân quý quốc gia

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Topic 1: Describe a famous person you know from news

I've seen a lot of famous people from news but the one that left the deepest impression on me is Hoai Anh, who is MC on VTV channel.

So let me tell you about her in more detail.

What's special about Hoai Anh is her high determination. When she was young, She underwent arduous trainings. As far as I remember, the first time I watched her programme, I was instantly impressed by her wonderful voice and confident style.

There are plenty of reasons why I love Hoai Anh.

     First of all, she is a gifted MC. Her programs convey meaningful messages which touch the heart and soul of people.

     Another significant reason I should add is that She is always optimistic and looks at things on the bright side.

     Last but not least, I shouldn't forget to mention that Hoai Anh is so beautiful with a smiling face and huge eyes.

If you ask me, I strongly believe that Hoai Anh is the perfect host for all TV programs/ the most brilliant host nationwide.

In the future, I hope that I will have a chance to meet her in real life.

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