1.TRAVELLING AND ADVENTURE
Collocations in Travelling and Adventure
- Go on holidays
- A package holiday (everything is included)
- Winter/summer holiday
- Go by car/ by train/ by coach/ by ferry
- Try some local food
- Send some postcards
- Have a thirst for adventure
- Break the journey (have a short break during the journey, usually before a long flight)
- Go trekking
- Unexplored wilderness
- Intrepid explorer (brave travellers who are not fear of dangerous conditions)
- A real sense of adventure (an adventurous experience)
Positive aspects of holidays (personal)
- chance to unwind
- spend quality time with family / friends
- get away from work / stressful environment
- have a change of routine / scenery
- visit new places / experience new things / cultures
- broaden your horizons
- visit family or friends abroad
Positive aspects of holidays (commercial)
- creates new jobs in tourist industry
- attracts media attention to the resort
- ensures good level of infrastructure
- improves services for local residents
- provides revenue to protect /maintain local heritage
Negative aspects of holidays (personal)
- loss of earnings (if self-employed)
- can be stressful (to be out of your comfort zone)
- can be difficult to cope in foreign country / unfamiliar place
- may encounter travel problems (plane/train delays / traffic jams)
- may not have access to health facilities
- may lose your luggage
- may not be able to speak the local language
Negative aspects of holidays (commercial)
- can cause overcrowding
- tourists may not respect local customs/traditions
- can cause excess of litter / noise
- may cause damage to local environment
- area becomes too built-up due to increase of hotels/shops etc
- may cause increase in prices of local services and goods
2.ENTERTAINMENT
Cinema (advantages)
- the thrill of watching something on the big-screen
- more exciting/intense atmosphere
- big screen really brings the characters to life
- able to appreciate the cinematography
- can enjoy a night out with friends
- the excitement of watching a premiere screening
Watching TV (advanatges)
- can sit in the comfort of your own home
- can choose what you want to watch
- can flick through the channels
- can invite your friends round
- can watch a variety of programmes
- can switch it off if you get bored
- time saving and inexpensive
Film-making
- social responsibility to make educational/informative films
- good media for reaching wide audiences
- has high impact on the public
- can get worldwide recognition
- can deliver social messages/ convert humanity messages
- can bring widespread attention to social/world problems
Technology & Entertainment (examples)
- online gaming / games / gambling
- downloading films / videos (YouTube)
- downloading music (iTunes)
- computer game consoles (PlayStation / Wii)
- social networking (Facebook / Twitter)
Other collocations
- catch up the latest trends and current affairs
- relax after many hard working hours
- boost imagination and creativity
- understand the outside world
- nurture interests in nature/animal
- broaden the horizon of knowledge/ widen my outlook/ enrich my knowledge of/ extend my own limits
- develop the sense of beauty and morality
- convey humanity messages
- touch people’s heart so deeply/ touch people’s heart with true feelings
- relax myself/ release my pressure/ease my mind
- maintain a well-balanced life
- cheer myself up when I feel blue/low/tired
- escape from daily life/ daily routine
3.ENVIRONMENT
Environmental problems
- destruction of the rainforests (deforestation)
- melting of the icecaps
- extinction of many species (loss of biodiversity)
- destruction of the ozone layer
- global warming / the “greenhouse effect”
- rising sea levels
- pollution of land, sea and air
- increase of natural disasters e.g., earthquakes, landslides, floods
Causes of environmental problems
- excessive emissions of greenhouse gases, e.g. carbon dioxide
- chemical and industrial waste
- emissions from cars and planes
- improper dumping of household waste
- overuse of non-renewable fossil fuels
- genetic modification
- over-consumption
- over-urbanization
Solutions to environmental problems
- turning off unnecessary light whenever possible
- avoiding disposable utensils to prevent plastic pollution, including chopsticks and take-away boxes
- using fabric shopping bags instead of plastic bags
- using public transport as much as possible
- using the stairs instead of the lift
- rubbish separation and recycling
- carpooling
- raising people’s awareness of preserving water and forest resources
- rejecting the consumption of bottled water and chewing gum
- using renewable sources of energy/ green energy, e.g. solar heating, wind-farms
- replanting trees
- cutting carbon emissions
- cleaner waste disposal
- sustainable consumption and development
- buying products with less packaging
- buying organic products
- buying products made from recycled material / renewable sources
- using natural remedies as alternative medicine
4.HEALTH
Collocations in Health
- Enjoy a good health
- Reduce your stress levels
- Build up a good strength
- Do a plenty of exercises
- Gentle exercise
- Build up resistance to disease
- Go on a diet
- Make a full recovery
- A course of medication
- Side effects
- Adverse reactions
- Consult your doctor
- Be poor in health for months/ years
Healthy activities
- (going) swimming
- (going) cycling
- going to the gym
- doing yoga / pilates / tai chi
- eating fresh fruit and vegetables
- eating organic foods
- eating regular meals
- drinking water
- having a balanced diet
Unhealthy habits
- smoking
- binge drinking (excessive amounts of alcohol)
- taking drugs
- eating too much salt / fat / sugar
- being overweight
Health collocations
- a health check
- a health problem
- a health inspector
- health food
- health insurance
- health and safety (rules / regulations / guidelines)
- a healthy lifestyle
- a healthy diet
- a healthy economy
- a healthy bank balance
- a healthy profit
- a healthy attitude
5.LEISURE ACTIVITIES.
Popular outdoor leisure activities
- playing / practising / doing sport(s)
- rambling / hiking / walking
- running/ jogging
- cycling
- hanging out / meeting up with friends
- eating out / going to restaurants or cafes
Popular indoor leisure activities
- going to the gym / keeping fit / doing exercise
- doing yoga / pilates / aerobics
- doing martial arts (karate/judo)
- going to the cinema / theatre
- playing a musical instrument
- acting (amateur dramatics)
- dancing (ballet / tap / ballroom / hip-hop / freestyle / latin)
- singing (in a group / choir)
- playing computer games
- surfing the internet
- doing puzzles
Others
- activities in social settings
- extracurricular activities
- recreation and relaxation
- flexible schedule at work
- to amuse themselves
- ignite imagination
- spark creativity
- spark your curiosity
- pursue their own interests
- have a keen interest in
- manage free time effectively
- elevate self-esteem
- open up periods of free time
- Filling your free time
- useful pursuits
- using free time productively
- overcome the inability to relax
- unnecessary stress
- expand your comfort zone
- a journey of self-discovery
- 6. TECHNOLOGY
- Internet for communication
- sending emails/text messages
- tele-conferencing
- video conferencing
- online chatting
- social networking ( face book/twitter/yahoo)
- blogging
- posting messages on forums
- using an intranet system
Advantages- offers immediate communication
- cheaper than telephone calls / face-to-face meetings
- allows global communication without the need to travel
- more convenient / people can communicate on-the-move
- allows friends and family overseas to stay connected
- gives everybody a chance /an opportunity to have a public voice
Disadvantages- may lose “real” social skills
- may spend less time socializing face-to-face
- may become more introverted
- have no chance to interact directly/ no direct interaction
- become addicted to social network sites
- bad for health physically and mentally due to hours sitting in front of computers’ screen
- spend too much time in front of a screen
Technology and Education- interactive whiteboards
- e-learning/ distance learning/ online degrees
- self-access centers
- online tutor
- blended learning (combined: online + face-to-face)
Advantages- offers more flexibility for learners
- allows people in rural areas the same study opportunities
- cheaper for students (no travel / accommodation costs)
- students & teachers are less bound by time and space
Technology and Work- automated processes/ manufacturing/ customer services
- high-tech computer systems
- computerized filing / administrative systems
- huge databases
- intranet system / internal emailing
Disadvantages of technology on work- has made some jobs redundant (digital jobs: manufacturers/ workers/packers…)
- gives customers less personal service
- requires staff to be technically skilled
- cause security issues /files may be lost
- requires a lot of investment
- breakdowns in the system may cause severe problems
- the cutting-edge of technology/ facilities
- the development of technology
- our lives have been transformed significantly by
- apply/ take advantages of technology
7. TRAFFICPopular methods of transport in cities- by metro
- by tram
- by bus
- by motorbike / scooter / moped
- by bike
- on foot
- to go by bus
- to catch the metro
- to take the tram
- to go on the motorbike
- to cycle
- to walk
Other methods of transport- by plane
- by train
- by coach
- by boat / ferry
- Transport problems
- long delays (in airports)
- lost luggage
- cancellations (of flights / trains)
- missed connections
- traffic-jams / congestion
- roadworks / diversions
- breakdowns / accidents
- pollution
Solutions to inner-city congestion- road access charges in city centres
- bypasses / ringroads
- park and ride schemes
- free rental of city bikes
- more cycle lanes
- more frequent buses
- cheaper public transport
- more pedestrianised streets
- more electric trams
- more accessible metro system
8. EDUCATIONSchool- nursery / primary / secondary school / education
- state school / private school / boarding school
- all girls / all boys / single-sex / co-ed school
- to go to / attend school
- the curriculum / syllabus
- extra-curricular activities
- school trips / holidays
- school playground / dinners / uniform
- school pupils / teachers
- schoolchildren / schoolboy / schoolgirl
- to sit / do / take an exam
- to resit / retake an exam
- to revise / to study (for an exam)
- to pass / to fail an exam
- to get exam results
- to get qualifications / to be qualified
- to obtain or acquire a qualification
- to receive basic education
- to leave school / a school-leaver
- to drop out of school / a dropout
- to be academic / to be an all-rounder
- to do a degree/ a diploma
- do an essay/ assignment
- to be awarded a diploma/ degree
- to give a lecture
University/College- tertiary / higher / further education
- colleges of higher education / technical colleges / universities
- to apply for a course
- to get an (un)conditional offer
- to do a course in [subject]
- further education
- recognise foreign qualifications
- have continuous assessment
- halls of residence / student accommodation
- student union / student body
- a fresher / an undergraduate / a graduate
- a graduation ceremony
- to get a university degree / a Masters / a Doctorate (Phd)
- to graduate from university / to graduate in [subject]
- a postgraduate student / course
- to do / take a postgraduate course / a Masters / a PhD (Doctorate)
- to be a qualified [job title] / to qualify in [subject]
- to take a gap year
- to drop out of university
9. WORKCollocations in Work- to apply for a job / post / promotion
- to get / have a part-time/full-time job
- to work in [field / place]
- to work for [a company]
- to specialise in [field]
- to be a qualified [job]
- to work shifts / unsociable hours
- to get / have an interview
- to be shortlisted for an interview/job/post
- to be demoted / promoted
- to be transferred / to put in for/request a transfer
- to be fired / sacked / dismissed
- to be made redundant
- to get/take voluntary redundancy
- to retire / to be retired
- to get a pension / to be a pensioner
- the perks of a job (benefits)
- to work from home (home-working)
- to be self-employed / to work for yourself
- to work/do flexi-time / overtime
Job collocations- to apply for a job
- a fulfilling job
- a demanding job
- a steady job
- to offer someone a job
- a permanent job
- a high powered job
Work collocations- to carry out work
- to supervise work
- to complete work
- to work closely with
- to take on work
- available to start work
Career collocations- to wreck/ ruin someone’s career
- to embark on a career
- to have a career in (education)
- a brilliant career
- a career takes off
- a promising career
- to climb the career ladder
- her career lasted …
- at the height/ peak of your career
10. COMMUNICATIONModern forms of communication- speaking / talking / chatting face-to-face
- speaking / talking / chatting on the phone / by mobile phone / by skype
- sending a text message/an SMS / texting
- sending / writing an email
- using an electronic messaging service
- social networking
- video-conferencing
Non-verbal forms of communication- lip-reading
- using body language
- using sign language
- using hand gestures / signals
- using facial expressions
Informal utterances- give me a call/ring/bell/buzz
- call / ring / phone me
- send me a text / an email / a whatsapp
- text me / email me
- drop me a line
- keep me posted
- let me know
- keep / stay in touch
- I’ll be in touch
Other forms of communication- making / giving a speech
- speaking in public / public speaking
- giving a lecture / lecturing
- giving a seminar / presentation
- giving / having / conducting an interview
- having / maintaining a dialogue/conversation/discussion
- having an argument
Reasons for communicating- giving a demonstration / demonstrating
- giving instructions / instructing
- asking for/giving directions / directing
- asking for/giving advice / advising
- making a complaint / complaining
- making small talk / building social relations / exchanging pleasantries
- exchanging/defending/challenging views/opinions
- requesting/supplying information
- gossiping / spreading rumours
Effective communication skills- maintaining eye-contact
- projecting your voice
- varying your intonation
- punctuating your sentences
- emphasizing / repeating key words
- engaging the listener
- asking rhetorical questions
- using discourse markers
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